The city of Mumbai, often referred to as the “City of Dreams,” is a bustling cosmopolitan hub that represents the heart of India’s cultural and financial ambitions. Yet, many still recall or refer to it as “Bombay,” its colonial-era name. The transformation from Bombay to Mumbai goes beyond just a name change; it’s a story of identity, cultural pride, and political significance.
If you’re a travel enthusiast, a culture seeker fascinated by history, or an Indian expat nostalgic about home, understanding Mumbai’s transformation sheds light on not only the city but also the deeper ethos of modern India.
This blog dives into why and how Bombay became Mumbai, the historical significance of the change, and what this evolution means to the city and its people.
Table of Contents
Understanding the Name ‘Bombay’
To trace the history of the name “Bombay,” we need to go back to the early colonial period. The name originates from the Portuguese term “Bom Bahia,” meaning “Good Bay,” named for the natural harbor the city offered.
Bombay emerged as a strategic port for the British Empire after the Portuguese gifted the islands to the British in 1661 as part of a royal wedding dowry. Over time, the British expanded the seven islands into a sprawling, unified city and named it Bombay.
The Shift to ‘Mumbai’
The name change from Bombay to Mumbai didn’t occur overnight. It was a culmination of political movements, cultural shifts, and a broader desire for reasserting Indian identity in a post-colonial era.
1. Why Mumbai? Rooted in Tradition
The name “Mumbai” is derived from “Mumbā,” the name of the Hindu goddess Mumbā Devi, worshipped by the indigenous Koli community, who were Mumbai’s earliest inhabitants. By opting for the name Mumbai, the government aimed to honor the city’s local heritage and indigenous roots.
2. The Name Change in 1995
The official name change occurred in 1995 when the Shiv Sena, a regional political party in Maharashtra, came into power. Shiv Sena advocated for a stronger identity rooted in Marathi culture and language and viewed Bombay as a colonial relic.
3. A Symbol of Post-Colonial Independence
Changing the name symbolized India’s move away from its colonial past, aligning with a larger national trend of reclaiming indigenous names. Similar changes across the country included Madras to Chennai and Calcutta to Kolkata, reflecting a broader movement of post-colonial reclamation.
The Identity of Modern Mumbai
Mumbai is much more than a name; it’s an ethos. The city represents a blend of old-world charm and new-age ambition. While adopting the name “Mumbai” reinforced its local and national identity, the city remains a melting pot of cultures and people from across the world.
Here’s a table that highlights the significance of the name change and how it has impacted Mumbai’s perception globally and locally.
| Aspect | Bombay | Mumbai |
|---|---|---|
| Colonial Connection | Associated with British colonial rule | Represents post-colonial, independent India |
| Cultural Representation | Cosmopolitan identity with Western influences | Rooted in local Marathi culture and traditions |
| Language Influence | Derived from Portuguese/British origins | Indigenous origin tied to Marathi |
| Perception among Locals | Nostalgic and historic | Reflective of pride and cultural preservation |
| International Recognition | Known globally by tourists | Slowly replacing “Bombay” in global context |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Why do some people still call it Bombay?
Many locals and older residents continue to use “Bombay” out of habit or nostalgia. Additionally, the global recognition of Bombay in fields like cinema and trade has made the name hard to replace entirely. For instance, Bollywood, the Indian film industry based in Mumbai, still references the name “Bombay” in its portmanteau.
Did other cities in India undergo a similar name change?
Yes, many Indian cities have undergone name changes to shed colonial influences and reclaim their historical or local identities. Madras is now Chennai, Calcutta became Kolkata, and Bangalore is Bengaluru, among others.
How has the name change impacted tourism?
The name change has had minimal impact on tourism. Visitors quickly adapt, and the rich cultural and historical experiences the city offers remain a key attraction, regardless of the name.
What does the name ‘Mumbai’ symbolize?
Mumbai symbolizes pride in local heritage, the Marathi culture, and indigenous traditions. It reflects a modern city deeply connected to its historical roots.
Is Bollywood also planning to change its name to align with ‘Mumbai’?
There haven’t been any concrete moves to rename Bollywood, though there is occasional debate. Bollywood remains a globally recognized term that references “Bombay” and might retain it for branding purposes.
Looking Beyond the Name
The transformation from Bombay to Mumbai reflects India’s broader struggle and determination to reclaim its identity post-independence. It’s more than just syllables; it’s a story of heritage and evolution.
Whether you visit Mumbai for its vibrant street food, its rich architecture, or the promise of Bollywood glamour, the city continues to welcome everyone with open arms. Mumbai is a place where tradition and modernization coexist in an ever-changing rhythm, and its history is as dynamic as its present.
For your next trip to India, make sure to experience Mumbai’s diverse culture and immerse yourself in its incredible legacy.
